More explicit EEPROM types (#17127)

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_DUE/EepromEmulation.cpp

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_DUE/inc/Conditionals_post.h

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_DUE/persistent_store_eeprom.cpp

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_LPC1768/inc/Conditionals_post.h

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_LPC1768/persistent_store_flash.cpp

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_LPC1768/persistent_store_sdcard.cpp

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_SAMD51/inc/Conditionals_post.h

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_SAMD51/inc/SanityCheck.h

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_SAMD51/persistent_store_eeprom.cpp

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_STM32/persistent_store_impl.cpp

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_STM32/persistent_store_sdcard.cpp

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_STM32F1/persistent_store_eeprom.cpp

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_STM32F1/persistent_store_sdcard.cpp

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_STM32_F4_F7/EmulatedEeprom.cpp

Marlin/src/HAL/HAL_STM32_F4_F7/inc/Conditionals_post.h

Marlin/src/inc/Conditionals_post.h

Marlin/src/module/printcounter.h

Marlin/src/sd/cardreader.cpp