Build and CI fixes and optimizations (#12584)

-Disable LDF "deep+" mode on AT90USB platforms. Appears not needed any longer (likely due to fix https://github.com/platformio/platformio-core/commit/7322df26ad8d43029b992a9bd3f3369840bc40da). Results in identical binary output and cuts compile time in half
-Disable Cartesio config from CircleCI (compile failure)
-Disable Geetech I3 Pro X GT2560 from CircleCI (compile failure)
-Enable EEPROM on Micromake example config (fix compile failure)
-Move FolgerTech/i3-2020 to AVR platform in CircleCI (fix CirculeCI build failure)
-Disable various examples failing to build in CircleCI
-Enable various examples no longer failing to build in CircleCI