[2.0.x] Adaptive multiaxis step smoothing, and tons of fixes

The timing value should be properly set for ALL boards. The compiler will check and set maximum step rate calculations based on those values.

- Stepper bugs fixed
- Support MIXING_EXTRUDER with Linear Advance
- Miscellaneous cleanup

[2.0.x] Serial handshaking fixes / debug

Pointed out by @GMagician

Followup to #10920, addressing #10962

As noted in #10965

130048 is available on genuine Teensy2.0++ with Paul's "Halfkay" bootloader.  Atmel DFU-equiped boards have only 122880 available

Co-Authored-By: akunt

[2.0.x] Clean up ST7565, dual endstops homing

* Misc fixes and improvements

- Get rid of most critical sections on the Serial port drivers for AVR and DUE. Proper usage of FIFOs should allow interrupts to stay enabled without harm to queuing and dequeuing.
  Also, with 8-bit indices (for AVR) and up to 32-bit indices (for ARM), there is no need to protect reads and writes to those indices.
- Simplify the XON/XOFF logic quite a bit. Much cleaner now (both for AVR and ARM)
- Prevent a race condition (edge case) that could happen when estimating the proper value for the stepper timer (by reading it) and writing the calculated value for the time to the next ISR by disabling interrupts in those critical and small sections of the code - The problem could lead to lost steps.
- Fix dual endstops not properly homing bug (maybe).

* Set position immediately when possible